Somaliland 25 sanno oo aqoonsi la’aan ah, maxaa tallo ah, maxaa khaldan, maxayse tahay talladaydu waa qormo aan ku farayaraystay ila akhriso oo walaal fekerkaaga dhiibo?
25 Sanno oo aqoonsi la’aan ahi waxay ina tusaysa sida farriintii aqoonsi doonka ahayd aanay Hargeysa u dhaafin, awoodda 1-aad ee dalka waxaa leh shacabka Somaliland sida dastuurku qeexayo.
Marka caqabad sidaasi oo kale ahi dhacdo, waxaa haboon in dib la isku qiimeeyo, la isna weydiiyo 1) Ma sidaynu aqoonsiga u raadinaynay ayaa khaldan 2) Ma siyaasiyiintii masuulka ka ahaa inay aqoonsiga raadiyaan ayaan sidii ku haboonayd u gaadhsiin 3) Maxaa horta aqoonsi lagu hella? mise buuxisay Somaliland dhammaan astaamahii iyo shuruudahii aqoonsi lagu hellaayay.
25 ka sannadood weli indhahaygu ma qaban maalin ay shacabkii dalka lahaa iyo siyaasiyiintoodii ay is qiimeeyeen, is weydiiyeen sidaynu caqabaddani uga gudubna? weli indhahaygu ma qaban dhegahayguna ma maqal qof muwaadin Somalilander ah oo weydiiyey siyaasi Somalilander ah dib ma isku qiimayna?
Intaan aqoon u leeyahay dunidu waxay isku aqoonsata afar qaybood oo waaweyn
1) The constitutive theory of statehood: inuu dal ama dalal kale ku aqoonsado/aqoonsadaan, dalkaasi/dalalkaasi oo ka leh danno siyaasadeed, dhaqaale iyo istaraatijiyadeed, inaad kasbato aqoonsiga dalkaasi waa inaad la timaada dedaalkeeda, sida uu sharciga Vienna Congress dhigayo haddii 39 dal ay aqoonsi ku siiyaan, isla markaana aanay jirin awood siyaasadeed oo ka xanibaysa waxaad marka dalkaasi xuquuq u leeyahay inuu ku biiro qaramada midoobay
2) Declarative Theory: Waa marka dal dhamaystiro shuruudaha dal lagu noqon karo kuwaasi oo kala ah a) Inuu dalkaasi leeyahay xuduudo cayiman oo la yaqaano (Defined territorial border) b) Bulsho rasmi ah oo la yaqaano (Permanent population). c) dawlad haykal dhamaystiran (full government character) leh d) awood uu dalkaasi dalalka kale kula geli karo heshiisyo ama xidhiidh diblomaasiyadeed (a capacity to enter into relations with other states).
3. State Practice: Nidaamkani wuxuu u dhexeeya labada nidaam ee kor ku xusan, waa marka dal ka baxo axdiga dal lagu noqon karo, sida inay koox dalka ka mid ahi maroorsato awooddii dalkaasi iyadoo qaab cunsurinimo ah u dhaqmaysa, marka bulshada caalamku ha noqoto dalalkii hore u aqoonsana ama qaramada midoobay waxay kala noqonayaan aqoonsigii si ku meel gaadh ah, ilaa inta dalkaasi fulinayo shuruudaha, marka uu dalkaasi fuliyo sida loogu soo celinayo aqoonsiga ayaa loo yaqaana State Practice, dalalkaasi waxaa tusaale u ah sida South Africa waagii dawladdii cadaanka ahayd ka talinaysay ee Apertheid oo loo aqoonsaday dawlad cunsuriyad ah dalal badana isticmaaleen awoodda State Practice.
4. De facto and de jure states: Dalalka dunida ka jira waxay u qabsamaan labada nooc De Facto ama De Jure, waa dawlad aan dalkeedii joogin oo loo aqoonsanyahay inay dalkaasi iyadu masuul ka tahay, waa dawlad dalkeedii laga haysto, sida tusaale ahaan dhawaan markii madaxweynahii Yemen uu musaafuriska ku joogay dalka Sacuudi Arabiya ee kooxda Xuutiyiintu ay haysteen, dunidu waxay u aqoonsanayd dawladda rasmiga ah ee Yemen taa musaafuriska ku joogtay Sacuudiga.
Ta kalana waa dawlad dalkeedii maamulnaysa oo haysata xuduudkii iyo awooddii.
Tusaale ahaan Falastiin waxay isku aqoonsatay dalal badan oo beesha caalamka ka tirsanina u aqoonsanyahiin inay tahay dawladda Rasmiga ah ee ka jirta dhammaan dhulka Falastiin nooca aqoonsiga waxaa loo yaqaana De Jure states, halka Israel na loo aqoonsanyahay De Facto State.
Weli maan arag, ma maqal, ima soo marin siyaasi Somalilander ah oo diyaariyay qorshe siyaasadeed (political proposal) cad oo qeexaya Somaliland qaabkay u raadinayso aqoonsiga, ma arag afartii dawladood ee Somaliland soo maray, mid intay qiimayn madax bannaan ku samaysa soo bandhigtay sida ugu fudud ee Somaliland aqoonsi heli karto, tacabka iyo kharashka ku baxaya, iyo weliba cidda ka hawlgallaysa.
Kharashka ama miisaaniyadda wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda Somaliland waa 3 Malyuun oo dollar, dalka Koonfurta Sudan oo ahaa dalkii ugu danbeeyey ee la aqoonsaday waxaa loo aqoonsaday nidaamka loo yaqaano Declarative Theory oo ah in beesha caalamku si isku mid ah ugu dhawaaqday inay South Sudan aqoonsatahay markii dadka dalkaasi afti u qaadeen inay ka madax bannaanadaan Sudan, balse xikmadda jirta ayaa waxay tahay sida uu qorayo mac-hadka daraasaddka siyaasadda iyo istaraatijiyadda ee dalka maraykanka ayaa wuxuu ku qiimeeyey in ololahii siyaasadeed ee loo gallay inay South Sudan madax banaanato ay ku baxday lacag ka badan 4 Bilyan oo dollarka maraykanka ah, lacagtaasi in ku dhaw 1.2 Bilyan waxaa bixiyay shariikadaha dalka maraykanka.
Dawlad iyo dal diyaar ma u nahay inaynu bixino qaadhaan balaayiin dollar ah si aynu ugu ololayno aqoonsiga Somaliland?.
Waan jecelahay wasiirka arrimaha dibadda ee Somaliland Dr. Sacad Cali Shire waa nin aqoon leh (technocrat), oo weliba aqoontiisa u roga ficil, laakiin nasiib darro qoraal uu dhawaan sameeyey kuna sheegay inuu yahay qorshaha siyaasadeed ee Somaliland ku hawl gallayso aad iyo aad iyo aad ula yaabay, waxyaabaha iga yaabiyay waxaa ka mid ah in qaddiyadda Somaliland la geeyo maxkamadda danbiyada dagaalka ee Hague, Somaliland inaan la aqoonsani danbi maaha, marka sharciga caalamiga ah la eegayo, waa karti darro siyaasadeed, waxay taasi muujinaysa durtaba sida aan aqoonta nuxuraysan lahayn ee aanay siyaasiyiinteenu u fekerayn.
Waxaan sidoo kale ka war haya in la sameeyey guddi la sheegay inay raadinayaan aqoonsiga Somaliland, waxaan maqli jiray maah maah Soomaaliyeed oo tidhaahda “colka wadhaf ma lagu dayey” waa Somaliland wadhaf ma lagu dayay, qadarka alle ma sheegin, laakiin sidaan inaan berri u dhimanayo u hubo ayaan u huba inaanan guddidaasi hal bacaad lagu lisay ka keenayn qaddiyadda Somaliland.
Shan iyo labaatanka sannadood ee aqoonsi la’aanta ah waxaa ka xun, ka liita, kana qalbi jab weyn inaan weli siyaasiyiinteenu fahminba aqoonsiga laftigiisa.
Tusaale ayaan idin siinaya, sannadkii 2005 tii ayaan ilaa 40 meeyo siyaasi oo Somalilander ah oo uu ku jiray madaxweyne ku xigeenkii Somaliland, guddoomiyayaashii wakiiladda iyo guurtida, intaasoo wasiir, xildhibaan iyo guddoomiye xisbi waxaan weydiiyey su’aal qudha oo isku mid ah oo ahayd “Ethiopia ama Jibouti way taqaana danta ay Somaliland ka leedahay, waa maxay danta Somaliland ay Ethiopia ama Jibouti oo juquraafi ahaan dunida inoogu dhaw ka leedahay? midba dhinacbu isku qaaday, mid yidhaahda Ethiopia waa walaalaheen oo markii aynu qaxnaybay ina soo dhaweeyeen, mid yidhaahda Ethiopia waa isha keliya ee inoo bikaacaysa, weli qof si aqooni ku jirto uga jawaabay waayay.
Ugu danbayn waxaan ku soo gunaanadaya aqoonsi la’aantu wuxuu ina baday masiibo siyaasadeed (poltical Catastrophic), 25 sannadood ayeynu go’doon ku jira, waxay keliftay faqri, awood la’aan aynu isku filnaan waynay, haddii ay sii socotana waxay kelifi doonta in wixii aynu yididiiladda ku dhisnay inaga burburaan, waxaynu u baahanahay oo aan tallo ahaan ku soo jeedinaya
1) In la iclaamiyo shirweyne balaadhan oo dibu eegis lagu samaynayo sidii aynu dunida uga mid noqon lahayn, shirkaasi waa in lagu martiqaada khubaro xidhiidhka caalamiga ah (International relations experts) iyo sharciga caalamiga ah (International law experts) bartay, waa in lagu marti qaada madaxda shariikadaha u ololeeya dalalka aqoonsi raadiska ah (lobby groups), waa in loo yeedho oo la martigeliyo dadka Somalilanderka ah ee aqoonta u leh arrintani, waa in loo yeedho dalalka inala saaxiibka ah.
2) Shirkaasi waa in dib loogu qiimeeya jidkaynu ku soconay ma mid ina sii wadaya, mise waa mid quman in laga leexdo, waa in lagu dhiso siyaasad cad oo ah ta aynu ku iib gaynayno Somaliland (National Foreign policy proposal)
3) Waa in la iclaamiyo dhaqaale qarran (National fundraising) waxaa hubaal ah inaan dhaqaale la’aan aanay ina gaadhsiinayn inaynu aqoonsi hello, waa in loo diyaar garooba sidii loo uruurin lahaa ugu yaraan 2 Bilyan oo dollar oo lacag ah.
4) Dawladda Somaliland waa inay uruuriso wixii dalka hanti u ah (National asset registration) berri iyo bed wixii ku jira, hadduu noqdo kheyraad, lacag, dahab nooc walba, waana in la qiimeeyo, lana ogaado dhaqaale ahaan waxaynu gayno (how much we worth), taasi waxay feker ka siinaysa bulshada caalamku inaynu nahay dal la danayno karo (interested nation). dal ahaan haddii la ina baayaco ma waxaynu gayna 100 bilyan mise hal tirilyan, waa in aynu helo xisaabta, dal aan wuxuu gayo ogayna waa dal aan jirin.
5) Waa in Somaliland hesha, xuduudaha ay sheeganayso (Territorial border) waa inay hesho dadka ay sheeganaysa tiradooda (Permanent demographic) waana inay muujiso sida ay ugu bisishahay inay qarran noqoto, ogobeey maanta ma jirto maalin ay dunidu uga sii jeedo dal yar oo kale oo dunida ku soo biira ka dib fashilkii South Sudan, maxaynu South Sudan kaga duwanayna, arrinta ugu weyn ee la isku qiimeeya waa inuu sharcigu shaqeeyo, una shaqeeyo dadka (The rule of law), haddii la inoo arko jabhad doonaysa inay dal noqoto, cidna ku aqoonsan mayso, waa in siyaasiyiinteenu ixtiraamaan sharciga iyo dastuurka ma nihin dal la aqoonsanyahay, waxaynu nahay dal imtixaan ku jira oo aan ogaan natiijaddii qiimaynta, sharciga in la ixtiraamo waxaa ugu horeeya sida laamaha dawladu u kala madax banaanyahiin iskuna xisaabiyeen (transparency).
Warbixintii ugu danbaysay ee ay soo saartay haayadda Transparency International Somaliland waxay ku dartay meelaha ugu liita ee ugu musuq maasuqa xun, ee aan haddana jirin (The un existed nations with corruption)
Walaalkiin Mohamed Abdi Hassan Mohammed Abdi Hassan Diridhaba
International relations and Politics Department, Coventry University
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